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Angelina Jolie

Angelina Jolie (born Angelina Jolie Voight on June 4, 1975) is an American film actor and a Goodwill Ambassador for the UN Refugee Agency. She has been cited as one of the world's most beautiful women and her off-screen life is widely reported.[1] Jolie has received three Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and an Academy Award.




Though she made her screen debut as a child alongside her father Jon Voight in the 1982 film Lookin' to Get Out, Jolie's acting career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 (1993). Her first leading role in a major film was in Hackers (1995). She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical films George Wallace (1997) and Gia (1998), and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl, Interrupted (1999). Jolie achieved international fame as a result of her portrayal of video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001), and since then has established herself as one of the best-known and highest-paid actresses in Hollywood.[2] She had her biggest commercial success with the action-comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith (2005).[3]

Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton, Jolie currently lives with actor Brad Pitt, in a relationship that has attracted worldwide media attention.[4] Jolie and Pitt have three adopted children, Maddox, Pax, and Zahara, as well as three biological children, Shiloh, Knox, and Vivienne. Jolie has promoted humanitarian causes throughout the world, and is noted for her work with refugees through UNHCR.

Early life and family

Born in Los Angeles, California, Jolie is the daughter of actors Jon Voight and Marcheline Bertrand. Jolie is the niece of Chip Taylor, sister of James Haven and the god-daughter of Jacqueline Bisset and Maximilian Schell. On her father's side, she is of Slovak and German descent,[5][6] and on her mother's side she is French Canadian and is said to be part Iroquois,[7][8] although Voight once claimed Bertrand is "not seriously Iroquois," and they merely said it to enhance his ex-wife's exotic background.[9]

After her parents' separation in 1976, Jolie and her brother were raised by their mother, who abandoned her acting ambitions and moved with them to Palisades, New York.[10] As a child Jolie regularly saw movies with her mother and later explained that this had inspired her interest in acting; she had not been influenced by her father.[11] When she was 11, the family moved back to Los Angeles and Jolie decided she wanted to act and enrolled at the Lee Strasberg Theatre Institute, where she trained for two years and appeared in several stage productions. She later recalled her time as a student at Beverly Hills High School (later Moreno High School), and her feeling of isolation among the children of some of the area's more affluent families. Jolie's mother survived on a more modest income, and Jolie often wore second-hand clothes. She was teased by other students who also targeted her for her distinctive features, for being extremely thin, and for wearing glasses and braces.[11] Her self-esteem was further diminished when her initial attempts at modeling proved unsuccessful. She started to cut herself; later commenting, "I collected knives and always had certain things around. For some reason, the ritual of having cut myself and feeling the pain, maybe feeling alive, feeling some kind of release, it was somehow therapeutic to me."[12] At 14, she dropped out of her acting classes and dreamed of becoming a funeral director.[13] During this period, she wore black, dyed her hair purple and went out moshing with her live-in boyfriend.[11] Two years later, after the relationship had ended, she rented an apartment above a garage a few blocks from her mother's home.[10] She returned to theatre studies and graduated from high school, though in recent times she has referred to this period with the observation, "I am still at heart — and always will be — just a punk kid with tattoos".[14]

Jolie has been long estranged from her father, though a reconciliation was attempted, and he appeared with her in Lara Croft: Tomb Raider. In July 2002, Jolie filed a request to legally change her name to "Angelina Jolie", dropping Voight as her surname; the name change was made official on September 12, 2002.[15] In August of the same year, Voight claimed that his daughter had "serious emotional problems" on Access Hollywood. Jolie later indicated that she no longer wished to pursue a relationship with her father, and said, "My father and I don't speak. I don't hold any anger toward him. I don't believe that somebody's family becomes their blood. Because my son's adopted, and families are earned." She stated that she did not want to publicize her reasons for her estrangement from her father, but because she had adopted her son, she did not think it was healthy for her to associate with Voight.[16]

Early work, 1993–1997

Jolie began working as a fashion model at 14. She was signed with Finesse Model Management and modeled in both the United States and Europe, working mainly in Los Angeles, New York and London. At that time she also appeared in numerous music videos, including those of Meat Loaf ("Rock & Roll Dreams Come Through"), Antonello Venditti ("Alta Marea"), Lenny Kravitz ("Stand by My Woman"), and The Lemonheads ("It's About Time"). At the age of 16, Jolie returned to theatre, and played her first role as a German dominatrix. She began to learn from her father, as she noticed his method of observing people to become like them. Their relationship during this time was less strained, with Jolie realizing that they were both "drama queens".[11]

Jolie appeared in five of her brother's student films, made while he attended the USC School of Cinematic Arts, but her professional movie career began in 1993, when she played her first leading role in the low-budget film Cyborg 2, as Casella "Cash" Reese, a near-human robot, designed to seduce her way into a rival manufacturer's headquarters and then self-detonate. Following several undistinguished projects she starred as Kate "Acid Burn" Libby in her first Hollywood picture, Hackers (1995), where she met her first husband Jonny Lee Miller. The New York Times wrote, "Kate (Angelina Jolie) stands out. That's because she scowls even more sourly than [her co-stars] and is that rare female hacker who sits intently at her keyboard in a see-through top. Despite her sullen posturing, which is all this role requires, Ms. Jolie has the sweetly cherubic looks of her father, Jon Voight."[17] The movie failed to make a profit at the box-office, but developed a cult following after its video release.[18] In 1995 she also appeared in Without Evidence.

She appeared as Gina Malacici in the 1996 comedy Love Is All There Is, a modern-day loose adaptation of Romeo and Juliet set among two rival Italian family restaurant owners in the Bronx, New York. In the road movie Mojave Moon she was a youngster, named Eleanor Rigby, who falls for Danny Aiello, while he takes a shine to her mother, Anne Archer. In 1996, she also played Margret "Legs" Sadovsky, one of five teenage girls who form an unlikely bond in the film Foxfire after they beat up a teacher who has sexually harassed them. The Los Angeles Times wrote about Jolie's performance, "It took a lot of hogwash to develop this character, but Jolie, Jon Voight's knockout daughter, has the presence to overcome the stereotype. Though the story is narrated by Maddy, Legs is the subject and the catalyst."[19]

In 1997, Jolie starred with David Duchovny in the thriller Playing God, a film portraying a surgeon who is stripped of his medical license and is lured deep into the criminal world where he meets Jolie's character, Claire. The movie was not received well by critics and Roger Ebert noted that "Angelina Jolie finds a certain warmth in a kind of role that is usually hard and aggressive; she seems too nice to be [a criminal's] girlfriend, and maybe she is."[20] She then appeared in the TV movie True Women, a historical romantic drama set in the American West, and based on the book by Janice Woods Windle. That year she also played a stripper who leaves mid-performance to wander New York City in the Rolling Stones music video for the song "Anybody Seen My Baby?".

Breakthrough, 1997–2000

Jolie's career prospects began to improve after her performance as Cornelia Wallace in the 1997 biopic George Wallace for which she won a Golden Globe Award and was nominated for an Emmy. The film was highly praised by critics and, among other awards, received the Golden Globe for Best Miniseries/Motion Picture made for TV. She played the second wife of the segregationist Governor of Alabama who was shot and paralyzed while running for President. The film starred Gary Sinise and was directed by John Frankenheimer.

In 1998, Jolie starred in HBO's Gia as supermodel Gia Carangi. The film depicted a world of sex, drugs and emotional drama, and chronicled the destruction of Carangi's life and career as a result of her drug addiction, and her decline and death from AIDS. Vanessa Vance from Reel.com noted, "Angelina Jolie gained wide recognition for her role as the titular Gia, and it's easy to see why. Jolie is fierce in her portrayal — filling the part with nerve, charm, and desperation — and her role in this film is quite possibly the most beautiful train wreck ever filmed."[21] For the second consecutive year, Jolie won a Golden Globe and was nominated for an Emmy. She also won her first Screen Actors Guild Award. In accordance with Lee Strasberg's method acting Jolie reportedly preferred to stay in character in between scenes during many of her early films, and as a result had gained a reputation for being difficult to deal with. While shooting Gia, she told her then-husband Jonny Lee Miller that she wouldn't be able to phone him. "I'd tell him: 'I'm alone; I'm dying; I'm gay; I'm not going to see you for weeks.'"[22]

Following Gia, Jolie moved to New York and stopped acting for a short period of time, because she felt that she had "nothing else to give". She enrolled at New York University to study filmmaking and attended writing classes. She described it as "just good for me to collect myself" on Inside the Actors Studio.[23]

Jolie returned to film as Gloria McNeary in the 1998 gangster movie Hell's Kitchen, and later that year appeared in Playing by Heart, part of an ensemble cast that included Sean Connery, Gillian Anderson, Ryan Phillippe and Jon Stewart. The film received predominantly positive reviews and Jolie was praised in particular. The San Francisco Chronicle wrote, "Jolie, working through an overwritten part, is a sensation as the desperate club crawler learning truths about what she's willing to gamble."[24] Jolie won the Breakthrough Performance Award by the National Board of Review.

In 1999, she starred in Mike Newell's comedy-drama Pushing Tin, co-starring John Cusack, Billy Bob Thornton, and Cate Blanchett. Jolie played Thornton's seductive wife. The film received a lukewarm reception from critics and Jolie's character was particularly criticized. The Washington Post wrote, "Mary (Angelina Jolie), a completely ludicrous writer's creation of a free-spirited woman who weeps over hibiscus plants that die, wears lots of turquoise rings and gets real lonely when Russell spends entire nights away from home."[25] She then worked with Denzel Washington in The Bone Collector, an adapted crime novel written by Jeffery Deaver. Jolie played Amelia Donaghy, a police officer haunted by her cop father's suicide, who reluctantly helps Washington track down a serial killer. The movie grossed $151 million worldwide,[3] but was a critical failure; the Detroit Free Press concluded, "Jolie, while always delicious to look at, is simply and woefully miscast."[26]

Jolie next took the supporting role of the sociopathic Lisa Rowe in Girl, Interrupted (1999), a film that tells the story of mental patient Susanna Kaysen, and which was adapted from Kaysen's original memoir Girl, Interrupted. While Winona Ryder played the main character in what was hoped to be a comeback for her, the film instead became the "welcome-to-Hollywood coronation" for Jolie.[27] Jolie won her third Golden Globe, her second Screen Actors Guild Award and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Variety noted, "Jolie is excellent as the flamboyant, irresponsible girl who turns out to be far more instrumental than the doctors in Susanna's rehabilitation"[28] and Roger Ebert wrote about her performance:
“ Jolie is emerging as one of the great wild spirits of current movies, a loose cannon who somehow has deadly aim.[29] ”

In 2000, Jolie appeared in her first summer blockbuster, Gone In 60 Seconds, in which she played Sarah "Sway" Wayland, ex-girlfriend of car-thief Nicolas Cage. The role was small, and the Washington Post criticized that "all she does in this movie is stand around, cooling down, modeling those fleshy, pulsating muscle-tubes that nest so provocatively around her teeth."[30] She later explained that the film was a welcome relief after the heavy role of Lisa Rowe, and it became her highest grossing movie up until then, earning $237 million internationally.[3]

International success, 2001–present

Although highly regarded for her acting abilities, Jolie's films to date had often not appealed to a wide audience, but Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) made her an international superstar. An adaptation of the popular Tomb Raider videogame, Jolie was required to master a British accent and undergo extensive martial arts training to play the title role of Lara Croft. She was generally praised for her physical performance, but the movie generated mostly negative reviews. Slant Magazine commented, "Angelina Jolie was born to play Lara Croft but [director] Simon West makes her journey into a game of Frogger."[31] The movie was a huge international success nonetheless, earning $275 million worldwide,[3] and launched her global reputation as a female action star.

Jolie then starred alongside Antonio Banderas as the mail-order bride Julia Russell in Original Sin, a thriller based on the novel Waltz into Darkness by Cornell Woolrich. The film was a major critical failure, with The New York Times noting, "The story plunges more precipitously than Ms. Jolie's neckline."[32] In 2002, she played Lanie Kerrigan in Life or Something Like It, a film about an ambitious TV reporter who is told that she will die in a week. The film was poorly received by critics, though Jolie's performance received positive reviews. CNN's Paul Clinton wrote, "Jolie is excellent in her role. Despite some of the ludicrous plot points in the middle of the film, this Academy Award-winning actress is exceedingly believable in her journey towards self-discovery and the true meaning of fulfilling life."[33]
Jolie at the premiere of Alexander in Cologne
Jolie at the premiere of Alexander in Cologne

Jolie reprised her role as Lara Croft in Lara Croft Tomb Raider: The Cradle of Life in 2003. The sequel, while not as lucrative as the original, earned $156 million at the international box-office.[3] Later that year Jolie starred in Beyond Borders, a film about aid workers in Africa. Although reflecting Jolie's real-life interest in promoting humanitarian relief, the film was critically and financially unsuccessful. The Los Angeles Times wrote, "Jolie, as she did in her Oscar-winning role in Girl, Interrupted, can bring electricity and believability to roles that have a reality she can understand. She can also, witness the Lara Croft films, do acknowledged cartoons. But the limbo of a hybrid character, a badly written cardboard person in a fly-infested, blood-and-guts world, completely defeats her."[34]

In 2004, Jolie starred alongside Ethan Hawke in the thriller Taking Lives, as Illeana Scott, an FBI profiler summoned to help Montreal law enforcement hunt down a serial killer. The movie received mixed reviews and The Hollywood Reporter concluded, "Angelina Jolie plays a role that definitely feels like something she has already done, but she does add an unmistakable dash of excitement and glamour."[35] She also provided the voice of Lola, an angelfish in the animated DreamWorks movie Shark Tale; the cast included Will Smith, Martin Scorsese, Renée Zellweger, Jack Black and Robert De Niro. Also in 2004, Jolie had a brief appearance in Kerry Conran's Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow, a science fiction adventure film shot with actors entirely in front of a bluescreen. Jolie then played Olympias in Alexander (2004), Oliver Stone's biopic about the life of Alexander the Great. The film failed domestically, with Stone attributing its poor reception to disapproval of the depiction of Alexander's bisexuality,[36] but it succeeded internationally, with revenue of $139 million outside the United States.[3]

Jolie's only movie of 2005, the action-comedy Mr. & Mrs. Smith, is also her biggest commercial success to date. The film, directed by Doug Liman, tells the story of a bored married couple who find out that they are both secret assassins. Jolie starred as Jane Smith alongside Brad Pitt. The film was well received and was generally lauded for the chemistry between the two leads. The Star Tribune noted, "While the story feels haphazard, the movie gets by on gregarious charm, galloping energy and the stars' thermonuclear screen chemistry."[37] The movie earned over $478 million worldwide, one of the biggest hits of 2005.[3]
Jolie as Christine Collins on the set of Changeling
Jolie as Christine Collins on the set of Changeling

Jolie next appeared in Robert De Niro's The Good Shepherd (2006), a film about the early history of the CIA, as seen through the eyes of Edward Wilson, played by Matt Damon. Jolie co-starred as Margaret Russell, Wilson's neglected wife. According to the Chicago Tribune, "Jolie ages convincingly throughout, and is blithely unconcerned with how her brittle character is coming off in terms of audience sympathy."[38]

In 2007, Jolie made her directorial debut with the documentary A Place in Time, which captures the life in 27 locations around the globe during a single week and features fellow actors such as Jude Law, Hilary Swank, Colin Farrell and Jonny Lee Miller. The film is intended to be distributed through the National Education Association, mainly in high schools.[39] Jolie starred as Mariane Pearl in Michael Winterbottom's documentary-style drama A Mighty Heart (2007), about the kidnap and murder of Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl in Pakistan. The picture is based on Mariane Pearl's memoirs A Mighty Heart and had its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival. The Hollywood Reporter described Jolie's performance as "well-measured and moving", played "with respect and a firm grasp on a difficult accent."[40] The film earned her a fourth Golden Globe and her third Screen Actors Guild Award nomination. Jolie also played Grendel's mother in Robert Zemeckis' animated epic Beowulf (2007) which was created through the motion capture technique.

Jolie appeared in the action film Wanted, an adaptation of a graphic novel by Mark Millar, as well as the DreamWorks animated movie Kung Fu Panda, both released in mid 2008.[41] She was also cast as the lead in Clint Eastwood's upcoming drama, Changeling, which wrapped principal photography in December 2007.[42]

Humanitarian work

Jolie first became personally aware of worldwide humanitarian crises while filming Tomb Raider in poverty-stricken and widely mined Cambodia. She eventually turned to UNHCR for more information on international trouble spots. In the following months she agreed to visit different refugee camps around the world to learn more about the situation and the conditions in these areas. In February 2001, Jolie went on her first field visit, an 18-day mission to Sierra Leone and Tanzania; she later expressed her shock at what she had witnessed.[43] In the coming months she returned to Cambodia for two weeks and later met with Afghan refugees in Pakistan where she donated $1 million for Afghan refugees in response to an international UNHCR emergency appeal.[44] She insisted on covering all costs related to her missions and shared the same rudimentary working and living conditions as UNHCR field staff on all of her visits.[43]

Impressed by her interest and devotion in the subject, UNHCR named her a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador on August 27, 2001 at UNHCR headquarters in Geneva.[45] In a press conference Jolie explained her motives for joining the refugee agency:
“ We cannot close ourselves off to information and ignore the fact that millions of people are out there suffering. I honestly want to help. I don't believe I feel differently from other people. I think we all want justice and equality, a chance for a life with meaning. All of us would like to believe that if we were in a bad situation someone would help us.[43] ”

During her first three years as Goodwill Ambassador, Jolie concentrated her efforts on field missions, visiting refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) all around the world. Asked what she hoped to accomplish, she stated, "Awareness of the plight of these people. I think they should be commended for what they have survived, not looked down upon."[46] In 2002, Jolie visited Tham Hin refugee camp in Thailand and Colombian refugees in Ecuador to take a closer look at the "Western Hemisphere's most severe humanitarian crisis".[47] Jolie later went to various UNHCR facilities in Kosovo and paid a visit to Kakuma refugee camp in Kenya with refugees mainly from Sudan. She also met with Angolan refugees while filming Beyond Borders in Namibia.
Jolie with Colin Powell in Washington, D.C., June 2004
Jolie with Colin Powell in Washington, D.C., June 2004

In 2003, Jolie embarked on a six-day mission to Tanzania where she traveled to western border camps, hosting Congolese refugees and she paid a week-long visit to Sri Lanka. She later concluded a four-day mission to Russia as she traveled to North Caucasus. Concurrently with the release of her movie Beyond Borders in October 2003 she published Notes from My Travels, a collection of journal entries that chronicle her early field missions (2001-2002). During a private stay in Jordan in December 2003 she asked to visit Iraqi refugees in Jordan's remote eastern desert and later that month she went to Egypt to meet Sudanese refugees.

On her first U.N. trip within the United States, Jolie went to Arizona in 2004, visiting detained asylum seekers at three facilities and the Southwest Key Program, a facility for unaccompanied children in Phoenix. With the humanitarian situation in Sudan worsening, she flew to Chad in June 2004, paying a visit to border sites and camps for refugees who had fled fighting in western Sudan's Darfur region. Four months later she returned to the region, this time going directly into West Darfur. Also in 2004, Jolie met with Afghan refugees in Thailand and on a private stay to Lebanon during the Christmas holidays, she visited UNHCR's regional office in Beirut, as well as some young refugees and cancer patients in the Lebanese capital.

In 2005, Jolie visited Pakistani camps containing Afghani refugees, and she also met with Pakistan's President Pervez Musharraf and Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz; she returned to Pakistan with Brad Pitt during the Thanksgiving weekend in November to see the impact of the October 8 Kashmir earthquake. In 2006, Jolie and Pitt flew to Haiti and visited a school supported by Yéle Haïti, a charity founded by Haitian-born hip hop musician Wyclef Jean, and while filming A Mighty Heart in India, Jolie met with Afghan and Burmese refugees in New Delhi. She spent Christmas Day 2006 with Colombian refugees in San José, Costa Rica where she handed out presents. In 2007, Jolie returned to Chad for a two-day mission to assess the deteriorating security situation for refugees from Darfur; Jolie and Pitt subsequently donated $1 million to three relief organizations in Chad and Darfur.[48] Jolie also made her first visit to Syria and Iraq, where she met with Iraqi refugees as well as multi-national forces and U.S. troops.
Jolie and Condoleezza Rice at World Refugee Day 2005
Jolie and Condoleezza Rice at World Refugee Day 2005

With increasing experience, Jolie became more involved in promoting humanitarian causes on a political level. She regularly attends World Refugee Day in Washington, D.C., and she was an invited speaker at the World Economic Forum in Davos in 2005 and 2006. Jolie also began lobbying humanitarian interests in the U.S. capital, where she met with members of Congress at least 20 times from 2003.[45] She explained in Forbes:
“ As much as I would love to never have to visit Washington, that's the way to move the ball.[45] ”

In 2005, Jolie took part at a National Press Club luncheon, where she announced the founding of the National Center for Refugee and Immigrant Children, an organization that provides free legal-aid to asylum-seeking children with no legal representation which Jolie personally funded with a donation of $500,000 for its first two years.[49] Jolie also pushed for several bills to aid refugees and vulnerable children in the Third World.[45] In addition to her political involvement, Jolie began using her public profile to promote humanitarian causes through the mass media. She filmed an MTV special, The Diary Of Angelina Jolie & Dr. Jeffrey Sachs in Africa, portraying her and noted economist Dr. Jeffrey Sachs on a trip to a remote group of villages in Western Kenya. There, Sachs's United Nations Millennium Project team is working with locals to end poverty, hunger and disease. In 2006, Jolie announced the founding of the Jolie/Pitt Foundation which made initial donations to Global Action for Children and Doctors Without Borders of $1 million each.[50] Jolie also co-chairs the Education Partnership for Children of Conflict, founded at the Clinton Global Initiative in 2006, which helps fund education programs for children affected by conflict.

Jolie has received wide recognition for her humanitarian work. In 2003, she was the first recipient of the newly created Citizen of the World Award by the United Nations Correspondents Association, and in 2005, she was awarded the Global Humanitarian Award by the UNA-USA.[51] Cambodia's King Norodom Sihamoni awarded Jolie Cambodian citizenship for her conservation work in the country on August 12, 2005; she has pledged $5 million to set up a wildlife sanctuary in the north-western province of Battambang and owns property there.[52] In 2007, Jolie became a member of the Council on Foreign Relations,[53] and she received the Freedom Award by the International Rescue Committee.[54]

Relationships

On March 28, 1996, Jolie married British actor Jonny Lee Miller, her co-star in the film Hackers. She attended her wedding in black leather pants and a white shirt, upon which she had written the groom's name in her blood.[41] Jolie and Miller separated the following year and subsequently divorced on February 3, 1999. They remained on good terms and Jolie later explained, "It comes down to timing. I think he's the greatest husband a girl could ask for. I'll always love him, we were simply too young."[22]

She then married American actor Billy Bob Thornton, whom she had met on the set of Pushing Tin, on May 5, 2000. As a result of their frequent public declarations of passion and gestures of love (most famously wearing one another's blood in vials around their necks), their relationship became a favorite topic of the entertainment media.[41] Jolie and Thornton divorced on May 27, 2003. Asked in Vogue about the sudden dissolution of their marriage, Jolie stated, "It took me by surprise, too, because overnight, we totally changed. I think one day we had just nothing in common. And it's scary but... I think it can happen when you get involved and you don't know yourself yet."[55]
Jolie and Brad Pitt at the Deauville American Film Festival in 2007
Jolie and Brad Pitt at the Deauville American Film Festival in 2007

Jolie has said in interviews that she is bisexual and has long acknowledged that she had a sexual relationship with her Foxfire co-star Jenny Shimizu, "I would probably have married Jenny if I hadn't married my husband. I fell in love with her the first second I saw her."[56] In 2003, asked if she was bisexual, Jolie responded, "Of course. If I fell in love with a woman tomorrow, would I feel that it's okay to want to kiss and touch her? If I fell in love with her? Absolutely! Yes!"[57]

In early 2005, Jolie was involved in a well-publicized Hollywood scandal when she was accused of being the "other woman" in the divorce of actors Brad Pitt and Jennifer Aniston. The allegation was that she and Pitt had started a sexual affair during filming of Mr. & Mrs. Smith; however, she has denied this in several interviews. In an interview in 2005, she explained, "To be intimate with a married man, when my own father cheated on my mother, is not something I could forgive. I could not look at myself in the morning if I did that. I wouldn't be attracted to a man who would cheat on his wife."[57]

While Jolie and Pitt never publicly commented on the nature of their relationship, speculations continued throughout 2005. The first intimate paparazzi photos emerged in April, one month after Aniston had filed for divorce; they showed Pitt, Jolie and her son Maddox at a beach in Kenya. During the summer Jolie and Pitt were seen together with increasing frequency and most of the entertainment media considered them a couple, dubbing them "Brangelina". On January 11, 2006 Jolie confirmed to People that she was pregnant with Pitt's child and thereby confirmed their relationship for the first time in public.[41]

Children
Angelina Jolie's children[show]

* Maddox Chivan Jolie-Pitt (born August 5, 2001 in Cambodia; adopted March 10, 2002)
* Pax Thien Jolie-Pitt (born November 29, 2003 in Vietnam; adopted March 15, 2007)
* Zahara Marley Jolie-Pitt (born January 8, 2005 in Ethiopia; adopted July 6, 2005)
* Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt (born May 27, 2006 in Swakopmund, Namibia)
* Knox Léon Jolie-Pitt (born July 12, 2008 in Nice, France)
* Vivienne Marcheline Jolie-Pitt (born July 12, 2008 in Nice, France)

On March 10, 2002, Jolie adopted her first child, seven-month-old Maddox Chivan Jolie-Pitt (originally Maddox Chivan Thornton Jolie).[15] He was born on August 5, 2001 as Rath Vibol in Cambodia, and he initially lived in a local orphanage in Battambang. Jolie decided to apply for adoption after she had visited Cambodia twice, while filming Tomb Raider and on a UNHCR field trip in 2001. After her divorce from her second husband, Billy Bob Thornton, Jolie received sole custody of Maddox. Like Jolie's other children, Maddox has gained considerable celebrity and appears regularly in the tabloid media.[58]

Jolie adopted a six-month-old girl from Ethiopia, Zahara Marley Jolie-Pitt (originally Zahara Marley Jolie), on July 6, 2005. Zahara was born on January 8, 2005; her original name has been reported as either Tena Adam[59] or Yemsrach.[60] Jolie adopted her from Wide Horizons For Children orphanage in Addis Ababa. Shortly after they returned to the United States, Zahara was hospitalized for dehydration and malnutrition. In 2007, media outlets reported Zahara's biological mother, Mentewabe Dawit, was still alive and wanted her daughter back, but she later denied these reports, saying she thought Zahara was "very fortunate" to be adopted by Jolie.[60]

Brad Pitt was reportedly present when Jolie signed the adoption papers and collected her daughter;[41] later Jolie indicated that she and Pitt made the decision to adopt Zahara together.[61] In December 2005 it was confirmed that Pitt was seeking to legally adopt Jolie's two children, and on January 19, 2006, a judge in California approved this request. The children's legal surnames were formally changed to "Jolie-Pitt".[62]

Jolie gave birth to a daughter, Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt, in Swakopmund, Namibia, by a scheduled caesarean section, on May 27, 2006. Pitt confirmed that their newly-born daughter will have a Namibian passport,[63] and Jolie decided to offer the first pictures of Shiloh through the distributor Getty Images herself, rather than allowing paparazzi to make these extremely valuable snapshots. People paid more than $4.1 million for the North American rights, while British magazine Hello! obtained the international rights for roughly $3.5 million.[64] All profits were donated to an undisclosed charity by Jolie and Pitt. Madame Tussauds in New York unveiled a wax figure of two-month-old Shiloh; it was the first infant re-created in wax by Madame Tussauds.[65]

On March 15, 2007, Jolie adopted a three-year-old boy from Vietnam, Pax Thien Jolie-Pitt (originally Pax Thien Jolie),[66] who was born on November 29, 2003 and abandoned at birth at a local hospital, where he was initially named Pham Quang Sang.[67] Jolie adopted the boy from the Tam Binh orphanage in Ho Chi Minh City.[68] She revealed that his first name, Pax, was suggested by her mother before her death.[69]

Following months of tabloid speculation, Jolie confirmed she was expecting twins at the 2008 Cannes Film Festival. She gave birth to a boy, Knox Léon Jolie-Pitt, and a girl, Vivienne Marcheline Jolie-Pitt, by caesarean section at the Lenval hospital in Nice, France, on July 12, 2008.[70] The rights for the first images of Knox and Vivienne were jointly sold to People and Hello! for $14 million - the most expensive celebrity pictures ever taken. The money went to the Jolie/Pitt Foundation.[71]

Jolie in the media
Jolie at a photo op in Washington, D.C.
Jolie at a photo op in Washington, D.C.

Jolie appeared in the media from an early age due to her famous father Jon Voight. At seven she had a small part in Lookin' to Get Out, a movie co-written by and starring her father, and in 1986 and 1988 she attended the Academy Awards as a teenager with him. However, when she started her acting career, Jolie decided not to use "Voight" as a stage name, because she wished to establish her own identity as an actress.[41] Jolie was never shy about controversy and integrated her teenage "wild girl" image into her public persona in the first years of her career. During her acceptance speech at the 2000 Academy Awards, Jolie declared, "I'm so in love with my brother right now", which, combined with her affectionate behavior towards him that night, sparked speculation in the tabloid media of an incestuous relationship with her brother James Haven. She has denied those rumors vehemently, and Jolie and Haven later explained in interviews that after their parents' divorce they relied on one another and because of that they hold on to each other as a means of emotional support.[41]

Jolie is noted as "the one A-list celebrity without a publicist",[57] and she quickly became a tabloid's favorite, since she presented herself as very outspoken in interviews, discussing her love life and her interest in BDSM openly,[8] and once claiming to be "most likely to sleep with a female fan".[57] As one of her most distinctive physical features, Jolie's lips have attracted notable media attention and she has been described as "the current gold standard of beauty in the West" among women seeking cosmetic surgery.[72] She also created headlines with her much publicized marriage to Billy Bob Thornton and her subsequent change into an advocate for global humanitarian problems. As she took on the role of UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador she started to use her celebrity to highlight humanitarian causes worldwide. Jolie has been taking flying lessons since 2004 and she has a private pilot license (with an instrument rating) and owns a Cirrus SR22 airplane.[73] The media speculated that Jolie is a Buddhist, but she said that she teaches Buddhism to her son Maddox because she considers it part of his culture. Jolie has not stated definitively whether or not she believes in God. When asked in 2000 if there was a God, she said, "For the people who believe in it, I hope so. There doesn't need to be a God for me."[74]

Starting in 2005, her relationship with Brad Pitt became one of the most reported celebrity stories worldwide. After Jolie confirmed her pregnancy in early 2006, the unprecedented media hype surrounding them "reached the point of insanity" as Reuters described it in their story "The Brangelina fever".[4] Trying to avoid the media attention, the couple went to Namibia for the birth of Shiloh, "the most anticipated baby since Jesus Christ", as it had been described.[75] Two years later, Jolie's second pregnancy again fueled a media frenzy. For the two weeks she spent in a seaside hospital in Nice, dozens of reporters and photographers camped outside on the promenade to report on the birth.[76]

Today, Jolie is one of the best known celebrities around the world. According to the Q Score, in 2000, subsequent to her Oscar win, 31 % of respondents in the United States said Jolie was familiar to them, by 2006 she was familiar to 81 % of Americans.[45] In a 2006 global industry survey by ACNielsen in 42 international markets Jolie, together with Brad Pitt, was found to be the favorite celebrity endorser for brands and products worldwide.[77] Jolie was among the Time 100, a list of the 100 most influential people in the world, in 2006[78] and 2008.[79] She was described as the world's most beautiful woman in the 2006 "100 Most Beautiful" issue of People.[80] On Forbes' annual Celebrity 100 list, Jolie was ranked at No. 35 in 2006,[81] No. 14 in 2007,[82] and she became the highest listed actor at No. 3 in 2008.[83] In February 2007, she was voted the greatest sex symbol of all time in the British Channel 4 television show The 100 Greatest Sex Symbols.[1]

Tattoos
Jolie in New York with several of her tattoos visible
Jolie in New York with several of her tattoos visible

Jolie's inventory of tattoos has become the subject of much media attention and has often been addressed by interviewers. Jolie stated that, while she is not opposed to film nudity, the large number of tattoos on her body has forced filmmakers to become more creative when planning nude or love scenes.[84] Make-up has been used to cover up the tattoos in many of her productions. Jolie currently has 13 known tattoos, among them the Tennessee Williams quote "A prayer for the wild at heart, kept in cages", which she got together with her mother, the Arabic language phrase "العزيمة" (strength of will), the Latin proverb "quod me nutrit me destruit" (what nourishes me destroys me),[85] and a Yantra prayer written in the ancient Khmer and Pali scripts for her son Maddox.[86] She also has four sets of geographical coordinates on her upper left arm indicating the birthplaces of her children.[87] Over time she covered or lasered several of her tattoos, including "Billy Bob", the name of her former husband Billy Bob Thornton, a Chinese character for death (死), and a window on her lower back; she explained that she removed the window, because, while she used to spend all of her time looking out through windows wishing to be outside, she now lives there all of the time.[23]


References

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2. ^ Top 10 Highest-Paid Actresses. (November 30, 2007) CBS News. Accessed 2008-01-01.
3. ^ a b c d e f g Angelina Jolie Movie Box Office Results. Box Office Mojo. Accessed April 14, 2007.
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8. ^ a b Sessums, Kevin. Wild at heart. Allure. November 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
9. ^ Telegraph interview with Jon Voight. Telegraph. October 2, 2001. Accessed April 14, 2007.
10. ^ a b Van Meter, Jonathan. Angelina Jolie: Body Beautiful. Vogue. April 2002. Accessed April 14, 2007.
11. ^ a b c d Wills, Dominic. Angelina Jolie Biography. Tiscali. Accessed April 14, 2007.
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16. ^ Schruers, Fred. Angelina Jolie. Premiere Magazine. October 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
17. ^ Maslin, Janet. Hackers - Review. The New York Times. September 15, 1995. Accessed April 14, 2007.
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21. ^ Vance, Vanessa. Gia (1998). Reel.com. Accessed April 14, 2007.
22. ^ a b Angelina Jolie interviews featuring Jonny Lee Miller. JonnyLeeMiller.co.uk. Accessed April 14, 2007.
23. ^ a b Inside the Actors Studio, Episode 169. Bravo. June 5, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
24. ^ Stack, Peter. `Heart' Barely Misses a Beat. San Francisco Chronicle. January 22, 1999. Accessed April 14, 2007.
25. ^ Howe, Desson. 'Pushing Tin'. Washington Post. April 23, 1999. Accessed April 14, 2007.
26. ^ Lawson, Terry. The Bone Collector. Detroit Free Press. Accessed April 14, 2007.
27. ^ IMDb Movie of the Day. IMDb. March 7, 2003. Accessed April 14, 2007.
28. ^ Levy, Emanuel. Variety.com - Reviews - Girl, Interrupted. Variety. December 10, 1999. Accessed April 14, 2007.
29. ^ Ebert, Roger. Reviews : Girl, Interrupted. Chicago Sun-Times. January 14, 2000. Accessed April 14, 2007.
30. ^ Hunter, Stephen. 'Gone in 60 Seconds': Lost in the Exhaust. Washington Post. June 9, 2000. Accessed April 14, 2007.
31. ^ Gonzalez, Ed. Film Review - Lara Croft: Tomb Raider. Slant Magazine. 2001. Accessed April 14, 2007.
32. ^ Mitchell, Elvis. Original Sin - Review. The New York Times. August 3, 2001. Accessed April 14, 2007.
33. ^ Clinton, Paul. Jolie shines in up-and-down 'Life'. CNN. April 25, 2002. Accessed April 14, 2007.
34. ^ Turan, Kenneth. "Beyond Borders" turns out to be an unreal film about a too-real situation. Los Angeles Times. October 24, 2003. Accessed April 14, 2007.
35. ^ Honeycutt, Kirk. Taking Lives. The Hollywood Reporter. March 15, 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
36. ^ Stone blames 'moral fundamentalism' for US box office flop. The Guardian. January 6, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
37. ^ Covert, Colin. Mr. & Mrs. Smith. Minneapolis Star Tribune. Accessed April 14, 2007.
38. ^ Phillips, Michael. Movie review: 'The Good Shepherd'. Chicago Tribune. Accessed April 14, 2007.
39. ^ Angelina Jolie screens her film at the Tribeca Film Festival. EiTB24. April 29, 2007. Accessed May 22, 2007.
40. ^ Bennett, Ray. Review: 'A Mighty Heart'. The Hollywood Reporter. May 21, 2007. Accessed May 22, 2007.
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47. ^ UNHCR. Goodwill Ambassador Angelina Jolie ends Ecuador mission. UNHCR.org. June 10, 2002 Accessed April 14, 2007.
48. ^ UNHCR. Jolie-Pitt Foundation donates US$1 million to groups working in Darfur. Reuters AlertNet . May 10, 2007. Accessed May 11, 2007.
49. ^ UNHCR. Angelina Jolie launches centre for unaccompanied children. UNHCR.org. March 9, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
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51. ^ Jolie honoured for refugee role. BBC News. October 12, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
52. ^ Jolie given Cambodian citizenship. BBC News. August 12, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
53. ^ Green, Mary. Angelina Jolie Joins Council on Foreign Relations. People. June 07, 2007. Accessed July 17, 2007.
54. ^ UNHCR. High Commissioner and Angelina Jolie to receive IRC Freedom Award . UNHCR.org. November 6, 2007. Accessed January 16, 2008.
55. ^ Van Meter, Jonathan. Learning To Fly. Vogue. March 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
56. ^ 'Tis the Season to Be Jolie. Girlfriends Magazine. December 1997.
57. ^ a b c d Kesner, Julian & Megna Michelle. Angelina, saint vs. sinner. New York Daily News. February 2, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
58. ^ BANG Media International. Maddox cutest kid. Life Style Extra. July 20, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
59. ^ Bell, John. Angelina's Baby Zahara: Her touching family story. Yahoo Movies. July 14, 2005. Accessed April 14, 2007.
60. ^ a b Pflanz, Mike. Angelina Jolie's adopted baby 'result of rape'. Telegraph. November 20, 2007. Accessed November 21, 2007.
61. ^ Anderson Cooper 360 - Angelina Jolie: Her Mission and Motherhood. CNN Transcripts. June 20, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
62. ^ Judge says Jolie's children can take Pitt's name. Associated Press. January 19, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
63. ^ Roschlau, Frauke. Little Shiloh will be Namibian: Angelina and Brad. Yahoo News. June 7, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
64. ^ Jolie's twins to set new record. The Times. June 8, 2008. Accessed August 1, 2008.
65. ^ NYC Wax Museum Shows Off Jolie-Pitt Baby. USA Today. July 27, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
66. ^ Ken Lee. Angelina Jolie's Son Legally Named Pax Thien Jolie-Pitt People. May 31, 2007. Accessed 2008-02-02.
67. ^ AFP. Jolie sorry to throw media spotlight on adopted boy. National Nine News. March 17, 2007. Accessed April 21, 2007.
68. ^ Angelina Jolie adopts Vietnam boy. BBC News. March 15, 2007. Accessed April 14, 2007.
69. ^ Norman, Pete. Angelina Jolie: Brad and I May Want Up to 14 Kids. People. June 15, 2007. Accessed July 17, 2007.
70. ^ AP. It's a boy and a girl for Jolie and Pitt. MSNBC.com. July 13, 2008. Accessed July 13, 2008.
71. ^ Carlson, Erin. Person close to deal: Jolie-Pitt pix for $14 mil. AP. August 1, 2008. Accessed August 1, 2008.
72. ^ AAP. Everyone wants to look like Jolie. The Sydney Morning Herald . April 12, 2007. Accessed April 21, 2007.
73. ^ Norman, Pete. Angelina Jolie Taking a Year Off Work. People. May 22, 2007. Accessed July 17, 2007.
74. ^ Thompson, Stephen. Is there a God?. The A.V. Club. September 6, 2000. Accessed April 14, 2007.
75. ^ Leonard, Terry. Namibia Shielding Pitt and Jolie. Associated Press. May 25, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
76. ^ Gruber, Ben. Jolie twins doctor admits to pre-birth pressure. Reuters. July 15, 2008. Accessed July 19, 2008.
77. ^ ACNielsen. Angelina Jolie, Brad Pitt top the charts, as favourite celebrity endorsers. Agency Facts. Accessed April 14, 2007.
78. ^ Brown, Malloch. The Time 100. Time. April 30, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
79. ^ Clooney, George. The Time 100. Time. Accessed July 13, 2008.
80. ^ Most Beautiful People of 2006. People. April 26, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
81. ^ The Celebrity 100. Forbes. June 15, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
82. ^ The Celebrity 100. Forbes. June 14, 2007. Accessed July 17, 2007.
83. ^ The Celebrity 100. Forbes. June 11, 2008. Accessed July 13, 2008.
84. ^ Kirkland, Bruce. The new Angelina Jolie. Jam! Showbiz. October 19, 2003. Accessed April 14, 2007.
85. ^ Thomas, Karen. Angelina Jolie, tattoo diarist. USA Today. July 7, 2003. Accessed April 14, 2007.
86. ^ Jolie adds Thai tattoo. BBC News. April 24, 2003. Accessed April 14, 2007.
87. ^ Angelina Jolie tattoo secret. The Daily Telegraph. May 23, 2007. Accessed May 28, 2007.

Further reading

* McFay, Edgar. Angelina Jolie: Angel in Disguise. Icon Press, 2005. ISBN 1-894864-25-5
* Jolie, Angelina. Notes from My Travels. Pocket Books, 2003. ISBN 0-7434-7023-0.
* Wills, Dominic. Angelina Jolie biography. Tiscali. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* UNHCR. Angelina Jolie UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador Fact Sheet. UNHCR.org. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* UNHCR. Field Missions. UNHCR.org. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Heath, Chris . Blood, Sugar, Sex, Magic. Rolling Stone. July 2001. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Van Meter, Jonathan. [tp://web.archive.org/web/20071209202602/http://www.style.com/vogue/feature/032602/page2.html Body Beautiful]. Vogue. April 2002. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Van Meter, Jonathan. Learning to Fly. Vogue. March 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Schruers, Fred. Angelina Jolie. Premiere Magazine. October 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Sessums, Kevin. Wild at heart. Allure. November 2004. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Swibel, Matthew. Bad Girl Interrupted. Forbes. June 12, 2006. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Van Meter, Jonathan. The Bold and the Beautiful. Vogue. January 2007. Accessed April 14, 2007.
* Palmer, Martin. Angelina Almighty. The Times. September 8, 2007. Accessed September 27, 2007

Sandra Dewi Duta "Smart Driving for Smart Women"

Sandra Dewi Duta "Smart Driving for Smart Women"



Jakarta - 16 Juli 2008 Tidak bisa dipungkiri, banyak pengemudi kendaraan di Jakarta memiliki pandangan miring jika wanita yang mengendalikan kemudi sering terjadi peristiwa yang tidak mengenakkan saat di jalan. Seperti contohnya mengemudikan mobil dengan pelan, berkomunikasi via ponsel dan lain sebagainya tanpa memperdulikan pengguna jalan lain. “Oh..perempuan toh yang menyetir, pantes!”

Sejalan dengan munculnya polemik-polemik di atas, akhirnya PT Toyota-Astra Motor (TAM) resmi meluncurkan program “Smart Driving for Smart Women” di Plenary Hall, Rabu (16/7). Tujuan dari kampanye ini untuk memberikan edukasi bagi pengendara mobil khususnya kaum hawa tentang bagaimana perilaku berkendara yang baik, aman, nyaman dan cerdas. Sudah barang tentu banyak manfaat yang bisa diambil. Seperti pencegahan dini pada kecelakaan dan tindak kriminal di jalan, perawatan mobil yang lebih baik, penghematan BBM dan hal-hal positif lainnya.

“Program ini merupakan bentuk kepedulian Toyota terhadap kalangan wanita dan pengguna jalan lain, dengan tujuan agar tercapai kesadaran dan keselamatan, serta kenyamanan mengemudi selama berkendara,” papar Achmad Rizal, Marketing Communication Manager PT TAM.

Untuk kelancaran program tersebut, TAM berkolaborasi dengan banyak pihak dalam memberikan bentuk pelatihan ketrampilan mengemudi. Baik teori maupun langsung pada prakteknya. Diantaranya Indonesia Defensive Driving Centre (IDDC) dan Women Research Institute (WRI). WRI adalah lembaga penelitian yang melakukan bebagai studi dalam bidang politik, sosial dan budaya yang menggunakan analisa gender (jenis kelamin). “Kami menyambut positif inisiatif Toyota dalam menjalankan program ini, yang diharapkan bisa mengubah citra perempuan dalam berkendara,” kata Sita Aripurna, Executive Director WRI.

“Sejak berkecimpung di bidang pelatihan smart driving, kami tidak membedakan bentuk pelatihan kepada pengemudi pria maupun wanita. Karena pada prinsipnya, baik pria atau wanita memiliki hak dan kewajiban yang sama dalam berkendara,” jelas Dodi Budiono, salah satu instruktur IDDC.

Agar program ini sesuai sasaran dan banyak menarik minat masyarakat, TAM menunjuk dan mengangkat pemain sinetron, Sandra Dewi sebagai duta. Penobatan ini didasarkan pada pemikiran dan kepedulian Sandra plus daya tariknya sebagai publik figur. “Sebagai pengendara, saya sangat antusias dengan program ini dan berharap bisa menghilangkan citra wanita yang dianggap sebagai pengendara yang buruk. Melalui program ini, saya dan juga Anda tentunya bisa sama-sama belajar bagaimana berkendara yang safe dan smart,” ungkap Sandra lebih lanjut.

Supaya program Smart Driving for Smart Women bisa berdampak nyata, TAM telah menyediakan beberapa unit Toyota Vios sebagai media pelaksana safety car. Dalam aktifitas ini, seluruh mobil Vios yang ikut dalam kampanye tersebut akan dipasang stiker bertuliskan “FOLLOW ME”, dan beberapa poin penting dalam berkendara. Seperti berhenti di belakang garis putih saat berhenti di traffic light, jaga jarak aman saat berkendara, selalu berada di jalur kiri dan dilarang melanggar marka-marka jalan.

“Toyota mengharapkan bentuk nyata ini dapat dilihat langsung khalayak umum khususnya wanita, sehingga nantinya akan tercipta pesan barantai dari mulut ke mulut yang membawa misi positif terhadap berkendara yang baik,” tutup Rizal.

Sumber : Toyota Astra Motor

Strengthen your abdominal muscles and lose body fat. The concept is simple, but putting it into action is not. It will take dedication, willpower, patience and time to get a six pack but in the end, the effort is well worth it. You can have the most toned and defined abs but they won't show through if there's a layer of fat over them.

The simple step-by-step process to gaining and maintaining six pack abs is as follows:
Build Muscle

1. Do Crunches. Lie on the floor (with or without a mat) and cross your arms in front of your chest. Bend your knees up as far as they go. (Do not place both hands behind your head. Placing both hands behind your head can cause lower back problems in the long run as it places unnecessary stress on that part of your body from pulling on your head and neck.) Another alternative is to cross your arms in front of your chest and lightly place your finger tips behind your ears, without pulling on your neck or ears to help raise you off the floor. Draw in your abdomen towards your spine while inhaling through your nose. Now raise your shoulders (upper torso) towards your knees, using strictly your abdominal muscles. It is very important not to lift your entire back off the floor, as this can cause back strain, and the extended movement does not help you develop six pack abs any faster. The most important part of the crunch is the initial flexing of your abs as you lift your shoulders off of the floor. As soon as you begin lifting off the floor exhale through your mouth, ending with a gasp once your shoulders are off the floor. Then pause for a second once you are at the top of the crunch and exhale the last bit of air from your diaphragm while flexing your abs. The proper breathing and flexing make all the difference. Now lower back down slowly and controlled while inhaling through your nose, just until your shoulder blades touch the ground. Do not let your head touch the ground and repeat.

2. Do Sit Ups. Lie on the floor, feet on the floor, knees up and fingers placed behind your ears or hands crossed on your chest. Sit all the way up, lifting your lower back off the floor along with your shoulder blades.Lower yourself down. Repeat. Once this becomes relatively easy for you (i.e. you can do a quite a bit with ease) start adding more challenges. Find an incline bench or do these on an exercise ball. Once you "graduate" from that, do weighted sit ups. Hold a weight on your chest while you do these. As these become easier, hold heavier and heavier weights. You might also try lifting your feet off the ground while doing the sit ups or alternating the leg in the air, like pretending to pedal while sitting up. If your hands are behind your head, bring your left knee up to touch your right elbow and then your right knee to the left elbow.

3.Do Leg Lifts. Lie on the floor, legs straight out, hands at your sides. Lift your legs straight up (not bending your knees at all) until they're at a 90 degree angle (or close). Lower your legs and repeat without letting your legs touch the floor. For more challenge there is equipment at most gyms that will allow you to raise yourself up using your arms as support and dangle your legs. You can perform leg lifts there too. If you're using this piece of equipment, you can make it easier by just raising your knees to your chest. It's more difficult to raise your legs to a horizontal position with your legs straight. This helps firm up the lower abdomen. If you're truly a monster, try doing leg lifts with a medicine ball hanging from your feet. Or hang from a pull up bar and raise your legs in front of you all the way up to the bar. Still too easy?...

4.Do Jackknife Sit Ups. Lie down flat on the floor. Place your hands on the ground to your sides for balance; you can pick them up as you get used to the movement. Simultaneously raise your knees and torso so that your knees and face meet on an imaginary line extending from your pelvis to the ceiling. You should be able to kiss your knees at the top of the motion. Your legs will naturally fold bringing your feet towards your hips, much like a jackknife. Lie back down (i.e. "spread out") and repeat. Place a weight between your feet when you think you can handle it. What's that? More?

5. Do V-ups. Lie on the floor, legs straight out, hands on the floor but this time extended out over your head. Simultaneously raise legs and torso. Don't bend your knees! What kind of V would it be if you bend your knees? Reach with your hands toward the raised feet. Touch your feet if possible (will require some flexibility). Relax, return to starting position and repeat. Add weight between feet to match your taste.

6. Static Hold and Side Statics. Put your body into the push-up position but with your elbows on the floor, and your whole body flat. This position is known as the static hold position and it trains your core (including your abs) to hold the body in place which is the real purpose of your abs. Hold this position for as long as possible, but you should be aiming to start off with at least 45 seconds, while seasoned ab workers known to achieve over 20 minute static holds. To perform the side static hold roll onto one side of your body and lift into the same position as before, but this time only one arm will be on the ground with the other arm pointed straight up the air and your non-weight bearing leg resting on your bottom leg. Once again, hold this for as long as possible

7. Train Your Oblique Muscles. It's not as important to work on your oblique muscles at first, but eventually you'll want to start working these too. These are the muscles to either side of your stomach. There are multiple ways to do this and anything that includes twisting your torso against a resistance counts. There are twisting machines at gyms, you can twist while you do sit-ups, you can do side bends, you can twist side to side with a medicine ball in hand, etc. Be aware though, that many beginners tend to have weak obliques compared to their abs (it simply isn't used as much in daily life) so go easy on the sides at first.

8. Know that since it is, literally, the center of your body there are many other tricks you can use to train your abs, and some of the other movements will more or less involve your abs. Including every abdominal exercise in existence would make this article painfully long and new methods are being developed constantly. Now that you've made up your mind about a washboard mid-section, get creative! Find new ways to crunch, bend and twist in your daily life. Some possibilities include:

* Use a stability ball. Do your crunches on the ball to introduce instability to your workout, which will improve your balance too. There are also lots of core exercises that can be done with a stability ball.You can also use a small bubble use for physical therapy.
* Duck and twist during your daily routine. Reach with your left hand to things on your right and vice versa. If you feel like turning around to face something, see if you can do it with keeping your hips in place and twisting at the waist (warning: awkward when talking to other people, use only against inanimate objects). While walking or standing, pretend that something is coming toward you and you have to duck to get out of the way. Do this as often as you are comfortable or at times when it won't look weird. You can bend forward from the hips or, if you're really into it, bend at the knees too and really "sink" out of the way. Caution: If you have lower back problems, you could injure yourself.

9. Do the Scientific Best Abs Exercise Researchers at the San Diego State University, found that there are certain abs exercises that triggers most muscular activity. The winner was the "bicycle maneuver":
* Lie on the floor; make sure your lower back is pressed on the ground.
* Take your hands behind your ears. Then bring up your knees at a 45 degree angle.
* Start doing a bicycle pedaling motion. Touch your elbow with the opposite knee (right elbow with left knee and so on, alternating)
* Breathe relaxed and evenly throughout the whole exercise.

Lose Fat

1. Lift Weights. The more muscle your body has, the more calories your body burns, even at rest. Many people are afraid of getting huge due to weight lifting but the fact is you won't!, Many huge body-builders out there have been body-building for years to get huge. If you just do cardiovascular exercises without lifting weights then you will lose the muscle mass, you will also feel weak and it will take longer to lose that fat. So, to get rid of that fat quickly lift weights combined with cardiovascular exercises. Running, biking, swimming, stair climbing, jumping rope, tennis, volleyball, dancing, squash or any other activity that gets you moving and keeps you moving is a great way to burn fat. However, a cardiovascular workout should be performed for at least 20 to 30 minutes to burn fat. Prior to this your body will simply run on its stored energy, which results in minimal fat loss. Cardiovascular training should always be done after your weight lifting workout. While lifting weights, you use stored, (carbohydrate) energy, thus, by performing cardiovascular exercises after weight training your body will have less stored energy to use and go straight into the fat storage for its energy use. The overall best way to shed fat fast is to do cardiovascular exercises right when you wake up. Your body will search for energy to use, and when it finds nothing in your stomach, it will go directly to your fat reserves for energy.
2. Keep Metabolism Steady. Eating one small meal (such as a potato, a salad, etc.) every three hours that you are awake will not speed up your metabolism, rather, it will keep it going. Your metabolism goes and slows with your food intake and eating something small every three hours will keep that metabolism burning calories and will help you lose weight. A jar of nuts in the office will do just fine, grab a handful when you feel like it. Most fruits can last for a couple days without refrigeration, and if you have a refrigerator at the office, make use of it.
3. Eat Smaller Dinners. Cut down on the size of your dinner. If you're hungry, snack on fruits or other healthy, low calorie snacks. Large dinners tend to hurt a fat loss process because most people aren't very active after dinner. This is the basis for advice along the lines of "don't eat anything within N hours before going to bed". The claim that your entire dinner is stored as fat isn't entirely true (the process is more complicated than that) but the fact you don't move after dinner is enough to hurt your cause. You can offset this by eating a larger lunch or snacking healthily before dinner. Fresh fruits or vegetables are excellent choices for curbing appetite not to mention other health benefits. A handful of nuts might do the same. Drink a large glass of water before sitting at the table.
4. Eat More Fiber. Most people don't get enough fiber. The recommended amount is actually not that much if you eat a healthy diet. "Fiber foods" include whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and nuts and seeds. Other options are fiber supplements.
5. Eat Breakfast. Many people skip breakfast because they don't have time for it. Keep this in mind: You don't have time to skip breakfast, it's simply too valuable to skip. The fact that skipping breakfast messes up your concentration and other mental functions is beyond the scope of this article. The harm of skipping breakfast from a weight loss perspective is it makes you eat a huge lunch since your body hasn't had anything in the past 12 (or more) hours. When you eat a huge lunch you get that after meal drowsiness so now you're both unproductive and inactive. Cereals don't take much time to prepare and consume, and most of them are very healthy nowadays. If you are extremely pressed for time, consider grabbing a box of breakfast bars or a smoothie and throwing one in your bag when you leave for work or school. Some breakfast bars out there are also excellent sources of fiber.
6. Drink More Water Every Day. Many places suggest 8 cups (2L) of water a day. It also depends on your weight (1L/20kg would be good, more if it's hot or you're ill). It sounds like an absurd amount of water, but actually, you can drink tea without sugar to make up some of the quota. In fact tea, especially green tea, rev up your "metabolism" (actually cause a temporary increase in calories burned).
For fat loss purposes, it is important to remind yourself that thirst is a much weaker stimuli than hunger. If you consistently feel hungry after meals, don't immediately think that you need to eat more. You may simply be thirsty!
Needless to say there are many benefits of water. The human body is anywhere from 55% to 78% water depending on body size.

Osteoartritis

Osteoatritis (OA)
Penyakit sendi yang dapat menyebabkan kecacatan dan disabilitas terutama pada usia lanjut. Penyakit ini membuat kerusakan pada tulang rawan sendi, seperti sendi lutut, panggul, tulang belakang bagian lumbal (pinggang), dan servikal (tengkuk).

Gejala Klinik
Nyeri sendi, kaku sendi, bengkak sendi, kelemahan dan disabilitas

Pengobatan
Masih belum ada obat yang pasti, tetapi ada beberapa obat yang bisa memperlambat penyakit tersebut, antara lain Glukosamin/ kondroitin, asam hialuronat, dan diacerhein.

Faktor Risiko Osteoartritis
Tidak dapat dimodifikasi
- Umur
- Ras
- Genetik (Gen Col 2A1)
- Densitas Massa Tulang
- Jenis kelamin Wanita
- Penyakit Endokrin dan Metabolik
- Defek Kongenital Defek Neurologik

Dapat Dimodifikasi
- Trauma berat
- Stres berulang
- Penyakit sendi inflamasi
- Obesitas
- Merokok
- Hormonal
- Kelemahan otot "Quadriceps"

Article Source: Monx Digital Library

Tips Mencegah Sinusitis

Bila anda sering mengeluh merasa sakit kepala dan tidak sembuh-sembuh juga kendati sudah minum obat anti sakit kepala. Mungkin anda terserang sinusitis, yakni peradangan yang terjadi di daerah sinus. Lalu, bagaimana mencegah dan mengatasinya?

Sinus sendiri merupakan rongga kosong dalam tulang tengkorak kepala (pada daerah sekitar hidung) yang berisi udara. Ada beberapa sinus yang terdapat dalam tengkorak kepala yaitu: sinus maksilaris (di daerah tulang pipi) ; sinus frontalis (di daerah dekat alis mata); sinus etmoidalis (di daerah antara dua mata); dan sinus sfenoidalis (di belakang sinus etmoidalis). Sinus menjadikan tulang tengkorak kepala menjadi ringan (bayangkan bila seluruh kepala kita terdiri dari tulang padat tanpa ada rongga) dan juga berfungsi untuk resonansi suara.

Peradangan pada sinus seringkali disebabkan oleh infeksi, baik infeksi virus maupun bakteri. Selain itu, faktor alergi juga memegang peranan penting dalam terjadinya sinusitis ini. Baik infeksi maupun alergi menyebabkan cairan pada sinus tidak dapat dialirkan secara baik sehingga bakteri/virus dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dalam sinus. Terjadilah sinusitis dengan berbagai gejalanya.

Sinusitis dapat menimbulkan berbagai tanda dan gejala mulai dari sangat ringan sampai berat. Sakit kepala berulang seringkali dihubungkan dengan sinusitis, kendati masih belum pasti.

Berbagai gejala dan tanda klinis yang harus diwaspadai seperti:

a. Panas tinggi (lebih dari 39 derajat Celcius)
b. Sakit kepala (khususnya saat bangun tidur)
c. Pembengkakan di sekitar mata
d. Rasa nyeri tumpul di sekitar mata
e. Pilek dengan batuk sepanjang hari yang tidak sembuh-sembuh
f. Batuk kering yang tidak sembuh-sembuh
g. Rasa nyeri di bawah tulang pipi
h. Nyeri di gigi atas
i. Nafas berbau tidak sedap

Pengobatan sinusitis tergantung dari penyebabnya. Sinusitis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri memerlukan terapi antibiotika, sedangkan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus atau alergi tentu saja tidak. Bila dokter memberikan terapi antibiotika, habiskan sesuai anjuran. Jangan sekali-kali menghentikan sendiri penggunaan antibiotika walaupun anda merasa sudah sehat. Minumlah sesuai dosis yang ditentukan oleh dokter.

Selain antibiotika, obat golongan dekongestan juga digunakan untuk semua jenis sinusitis. Untuk sinusitis yang disebabkan oleh faktor alergi, dokter juga akan memberikan obat golongan anti alergi. Untuk meringankan rasa sakit dan panas tubuh, obat-obat golongan analgetik antipiretik seperti pasatemol, ibuprofen maupun metamizole seringkali diberikan oleh dokter.

Dalam mengkonsumsi obat, tentu saja kita harus tetap berhati-hati dengan kemungkinan terjadinya alergi obat. Bila terjadi alergi, segera kembali ke dokter Anda untuk memperoleh penanganan yang tepat. Jangan menghentikan pemakaian obat secara sembarangan, walaupun mungkin Anda merasa sudah lebih baik.

Bagaimana cara mencegahnya?

Yang paling mudah, jangan sampai terkena infeksi saluran nafas. Rajin-rajin cuci tangan karena tindakan sederhana ini terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi risiko tertular penyakit saluran pernafasan. Selain itu, sedapat mungkin menghindari kontak erat dengan mereka yang sedang terkena batuk pilek.

Bila anda memakai AC, sering-seringlah membersihkan penyaringnya agar debu, jamur dan berbagai substansi yang mungkin dapat mencetuskan alergi dapat dikurangi (walau tak mungkin dihilangkan seluruhnya). Demikian juga dengan karpet dan sofa.

Tingkatkan daya tahan tubuh dengan cukup istirahat dan konsumsi makanan dan minuman yang memiliki nilai nutrisi baik. Selain itu, jangan lupa untuk minum air dalam jumlah yang cukup. Kegiatan minum ini seringkali dilupakan orang padahal air yang sehat merupakan salah satu sumber utama kesehatan tubuh kita.

Berolahraga yang teratur, khususnya setelah waktu subuh di mana udara pagi saat itu masih jernih dan bersih. Perbanyak menghirup udara bersih, dengan cara menghirup dan mengeluarkannya perlahan-lahan. Hal ini sangat bermanfaat selain untuk menguatkan paru-paru juga untuk mengisi daerah sinus dengan oksigen. Sehingga daerah-daerah sinus menjadi lebih bersih dan kebal terhadap berbagai infeksi dan bakteri.

Dan yang tidak kalah pentingnya adalah segera kunjungi dokter bila terdapat gejala-gejala yang mungkin merupakan gejala sinusitis. Diagnosa dan pengobatan secara dini dan tepat akan mempercepat kesembuhan penyakit yang diderita.

Article Source: Monx Digital Library

Waspadai Nyeri Saat Haid

Anda kerap mengalami nyeri tak tertahankan saat haid ? Sebaiknya hal ini tak dianggap sepele, meskipun acapkali sebagian kita menganggapnya lumrah dan hanya meminum obat penghilang rasa sakit. Nyeri saat haid tidak boleh dianggap remeh, karena mungkin saja gejala endometriosis yang bisa mempersulit wanita untuk hamil. Konsumsi obat-obat bebas mesti dicermati juga, karena sifatnya hanya menghilangkan rasa nyeri itu, bukan penyakitnya.

Semua haid memang menimbulkan nyeri. Namun yang tidak normal, adalah nyeri yang muncul menjelang menstruasi dan semakin hebat saat haid pertama maupun kedua. Apalagi bila sampai pusing, muntah, mual, diare, melilit dan nyeri kepala, sehingga yang bersangkutan tidak dapat sekolah, bekerja atau melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari lainnya.

Dari gangguan tersebut diperkirakan sebanyak 90% penderita mengalami endometriosis akibat kadar hormon progresteron yang rendah, sebaliknya prostaglandin menjadi tinggi.

Hanya disayangkan, kaum wanita di Indonesia lebih banyak mengatasinya dengan mengonsumsi obat-obatan penghilang rasa nyeri yang beredar di pasaran, dan sudah cukup lega pada hasilnya. Bahkan, ada anggapan salah di masyarakat bahwa nyeri ini dapat hilang dengan sendirinya apabila wanita yang bersangkutan kawin, sehingga mereka membiarkan gangguan itu.

Penghilang rasa nyeri yang diminum saat haid tidak mempengaruhi pertumbuhan endometriosis meskipun nyerinya hilang. Dalam jangka panjang, obat penghilang rasa nyeri ini berdampak tidak baik bagi ginjal dan liver.

Endometriosis merupakan masalah bagi wanita karena penderita terganggu dengan nyeri yang selalu muncul tiap haid, selain menurunkan kemampuan mereka untuk hamil. Nah, kalau Anda mendapati nyeri luar biasa saat haid, segera periksakan kondisi ini ke dokter kebidanan dan kandungan agar mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat.

Makin maknyus dengan spa vagina

SPA atau SOLUS PER AQUA (hanya dengan air) adalah terapi yang sudah ribuan tahun digunakan untuk memelihara tubuh. Sekarang, layanan spa bisa dengan mudah kita nikmati di berbagai pusat perawatan, mulai dari spa untuk tubuh, rambut (hair spa), sampai kaki (foot spa). Kini ada satu lagi: spa khusus untuk vagina.

Seorang master bioenergi, Worro Harry Soeharman, yang sejak setahun lalu mengenalkan kembali spa khusus untuk wanita ini. Worro, begitu ia biasa disapa, menegaskan bahwa terapi ini sebenarnya sudah dikenal sejak zaman kuno. "Di zaman Majapahit bangsa kita sudah menggunakannya. Hanya saja, perawatan untuk bagian ini seolah ditutup-tutupi karena dirasa tidak sopan bila digembar-gemborkan," ungkap konseptor V-spa ini. Padahal, terapi ini selayaknya menjadi gaya hidup, seperti halnya perawatan bagian tubuh yang lain.

Kuatkan Chi Reproduksi

V-spa, nama paten yang digunakan Worro untuk terapi ini, cukup menarik untuk dicermati. Menurutnya, metode perawatan bagian reproduksi wanita yang merupakan gabungan dari berbagai terapi kuno ini sangat aman. Dinyatakan aman karena V-spa tidak menggunakan alat atau bahan yang dimasukkan ke alat kelamin. "Digunakan terapi yang bisa menstimulasi tubuh agar dengan sendirinya mengeluarkan kotoran atau racun," kata mantan pengajar di Martha Tilaar Salon & Spa ini.

Ada teknik pengasapan atau penguapan, teknik pijat akupresur yang diterapkan pada seluruh tubuh, terutama vagina. Ada pula meditasi gerak atau semacam kegel khusus untuk vagina. "V-spa itu sebenarnya terapi yang umum digunakan dalam perawatan kesehatan, hanya kali ini khusus diterapkan untuk vagina," ungkapnya. Beberapa langkah tersebut sebagai bagian terapi eksternal. Selain itu, Worro juga melengkapinya dengan terapi internal atau konsumsi jamu. Bahan yang dipakai pun sudah umum dikenal, seperti kunyit dan temulawak, yang mesti diminum beberapa kali.

Meski sasarannya adalah organ reproduksi, terapi yang dijalankan memang menyangkut seluruh tubuh. Itu karena sistem di dalam tubuh tidak berjalan sendiri-sendiri, tetapi saling berkaitan. Misalnya untuk mengatasi jerawat yang membandel, dokter juga akan memeriksa sistem pencernaan pasien. Begitu pula yang berlaku dalam V-spa. Pijat dalam terapi ini bermanfaat memperkuat chi atau energi bagian reproduksi dan organ-organ lain yang mendukungnya. Meditasi gerak, salah satunya dengan mengencangkan otot dasar panggul disertai pernapasan, bagaikan gerakan yoga yang berguna untuk menjaga keseimbangan hormon-hormon tubuh.

Penguapan dan pengasapan juga penting karena membuat vagina wangi. Di samping itu, bau cendana dan akar-akar wangi dari beberapa tanaman yang dibakar akan tercium oleh hidung, masuk ke otak dan saraf, sehingga menenangkan dan menenteramkan. "Terapi ini dengan sendirinya akan memengaruhi wanita secara psikis. Si wanita akan merasa tenang dan harapannya makin menerima diri akhirnya menjadi percaya diri," ujar perempuan berusia 47 tahun ini.

Yang jelas, tidak bisa dipungkiri adalah manfaat dari asupan ramuan kunyit dan temulawak. Kunyit bermanfaat sebagai antiradang, antiseptik, juga membantu meningkatkan stabilitas organ pencernaan. Temulawak berfungsi menguatkan organ hati.

Dalam pengobatan tradisional China kuno, tidak seimbangnya energi pada organ hati menyebabkan orang mudah marah. Keadaan ini ditunjukkan oleh kuku yang tipis, rapuh, dan pucat. Sebaliknya, kuku yang kuat dan berwarna merah muda menunjukkan sehatnya organ hati.

"Sebenarnya lengkaplah terapi V-spa ini," ucap ibu dua anak ini. Mulai dari terjaganya kebersihan vagina, menguat dan melenturnya otot-otot dasar panggul dan otot vagina berkat latihan kontraksi dan rileksasi, sehingga memberikan "sensasi virginitas" pada pasangan, melancarkan sirkulasi darah, merilekskan tubuh, mencerahkan kulit, serta meningkatkan stamina tubuh.

Sensasi Virginitas

Pada dasarnya, terapi ini ditujukan untuk semua wanita. "Siapa saja tidak pandang usia, tetapi lebih baik yang sudah akil balik atau mendapatkan menstruasi," sebutnya. Spa ini sangat baik dijalani, terutama oleh wanita yang mau menikah. Selain merawat organ intim dan memberikan "sensasi virginitas", juga baik untuk kecantikan kulit dan menenangkan otot serta saraf yang tegang akibat persiapan pernikahan. Spa ini juga baik untuk ibu yang habis melahirkan. "Setelah nifas, V-spa dapat diandalkan untuk mengembalikan vitalitas vagina, menguatkan otot-otot dasar panggul, rileksasi, dan pemulihan keseimbangan tubuh melalui perawatan holistik body, mind and soul," kata alumnus IKIP Sanata Dharma, Yogyakarta, ini.

Untuk wanita yang memiliki masalah keputihan, bau tak sedap, atau peradangan ringan pada vagina, spa khusus ini dapat membantu mengatasinya. Bahkan, bisa diterapkan untuk membantu meningkatkan imunitas dan semangat penderita kanker mulut rahim dengan memberikan perasaan rileks dan kesegaran tubuh.

"Bagi mereka yang belum menikah, V-spa bermanfaat untuk menjaga kebersihan, memperbaiki sirkulasi darah, dan energi tubuh," katanya. Sebaliknya, bagi wanita menopause, dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan gairah seksual dan rasa percaya diri. Worro menyebutkan, terapi ini selayaknya dilakukan dua kali sebulan. "Ini waktu yang ideal untuk bisa merasakan manfaatnya. Dua kali terapi itu dijalankan saat sebelum dan sesudah menstruasi," tuturnya.

Mereka yang sedang menstruasi tidak dianjurkan melakukannya, apalagi yang mengidap penyakit menular seksual. Sebaiknya penyakit diobati dulu sampai sembuh setelah itu baru bisa melakukan terapi ini. Mereka yang sedang hamil juga tidak dianjurkan. "Ini karena bekerjanya seperti detoksifikasi," ucap Worro.

Dr Boy Abidin, SpOG, spesialis kebidanan dan kandungan dari RS Mitra Keluarga Kelapa Gading, menyebutkan, V-spa memang baik. Meski hanya sekadar kosmetik, terutama pada tahap latihan mengencangkan otot vagina, terapi ini sangat penting. "Terutama untuk wanita yang habis melahirkan agar otot-otot makin lentur dan kuat," komentar Dr Boy.

Wewangian yang digunakan bisa dimanfaatkan agar pasangan semakin bergairah. Hanya, tambahnya, yang perlu diperhatikan adalah frekuensinya, "Jangan terlalu sering." Anjuran melakukannya dua kali sebulan, sebelum dan sesudah menstruasi, sudah cukup tepat.

Dr Boy menegaskan, pembersihan vagina sebaiknya dilakukan secara rutin, terutama pada bagian luar, tapi untuk pembersihan bagian dalam sebaiknya jangan sering. "Kalau terlalu bersih, flora normal dan laktobasilus akan hilang. Padahal, ini kan benteng bagi vagina untuk menghantam kuman," katanya.

Sumber : kompas

Solusi Yoga untuk Wanita Menopause

ARA wanita yang selama ini pusing dan takut menghadapi datangnya masa menopause tak perlu bingung lagi. Rasa panas di tubuh dan keringat yang terus- menerus menyerang bisa diatasi atau setidaknya dikurangi. Hanya dengan yoga Anda dapat melakukannya. Bahkan yoga dikatakan dapat meningkatkan fungsi mental. Demikian dikatakan para ilmuwan dari India.

Untuk menyelidiki apakah yoga dapat menolong para wanita yang sedang menopause dan mengalami gejala fisik dan kognitif ini, para ilmuwan secara acak meneliti 120 wanita menopause berusia 40 hingga 55 tahun. Mereka diminta melakukan yoga atau peregangan sederhana dan latihan memperkuat otot selama lima hari seminggu dalam periode waktu delapan minggu berturut-turut.

Postur, napas, dan meditasi dalam yoga, "Memiliki efek, salah satunya dengan memengaruhi pikiran sehingga membuat seseorang menjadi tenang," jelas para ilmuwan.

Para wanita yang beryoga ini juga mendengarkan kuliah bagaimana menggunakan yoga untuk mengelola stres dan yoga lain untuk topik yang terkait. Sementara yang mengikuti kelompok kontrol hanya mendengarkan kuliah mengenai diet, latihan fisik, fisiologi menopause dan stres.

Setelah delapam minggu, wanita yang mengikuti kelompok yoga menunjukkan penurunan signifikan dalam kondisi tubuh mereka. Rasa panas tubuh dan keringat di malam hari menurun gejalanya. Sementara mereka yang berada dalam kelompok kontrol tidak mengalami hal ini. Demikian diungkapkan Dr R Chattha dari Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana di Bangalore, India.

Meski kedua kelompok menunjukkan kemajuan saat dites kemampuan konsentrasi dan fokusnya, kelompok yoga menunjukkan kemajuan yang berarti. Dari 10 komponen tes memori dan intelegensi, 8 poin diperoleh oleh mereka yang beryoga, sementara kelompok kontrol hanya enam. Kemajuan berarti dialami kelompok yoga dibanding kelompok kontrol pada tujuh subyek.

"Penelitian ini menunjukkan superioritas yoga. Ini juga berarti menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas fisik juga memperbaiki fungsi kognitif dengan menekankan pada pernapasan yang tepat, pernapasan berirama dengan gerakan tubuh, relaksasi, dan mengistirahatkan pikiran," jelas para ilmuwan.

Sumber : kompas

Tip Merawat Kulit

Bersihkan kulit Anda setiap pagi untuk menghilangkan minyak dan sel kulit mati yang terbentuk di malam hari.
Gunakan air suam-suam kuku pada wajah Anda. Air yang terlalu panas dapat menyebabkan kulit wajah yang sensitif menjadi kering.
Sabun biasa jangan digunakan untuk muka karena dapat merusak keseimbangan pelembab alami pada wajah dan membutuhkan beberapa hari bagi kulit untuk pulih kembali.
Olahraga rutin, meskipun hanya berjalan biasa, akan membuat kulit tampak sehat dan berseri.




Ya, Anda mungkin tahu bahwa Anda sebaiknya minum air dalam jumlah yang cukup. Bubuhkan sedikit lemon, jeruk, melon atau timun - gunakan imajinasi dan hapus rasa dahaga Anda!
Bedak padat sangat ideal untuk menghilangkan kilau yang tak diinginkan; bawalah selalu dalam tas Anda.
Untuk mengetahui warna tata rias apa yang paling sesuai dengan Anda, cobalah beberapa warna berbeda dengan cahaya dari lampu biasa tepat pada garis rahang bagian bawah. Hal ini disebabkan pada bagian inilah Anda dapat melihat apakah warna tersebut serasi dengan warna wajah dan leher Anda.
Kulit wajah yang memerah dapat dinetralkan dengan krim wajah berwarna kekuningan, contohnya Rosy Tone Colour Corrective Cream. Kemudian gunakanlah alas bedak yang biasa Anda pakai diatasnya.
Hindari kopi, alkohol dan rokok, karena semua hal tersebut dapat memberikan pengaruh negatif pada kulit Anda.
Kulit Anda pun perlu beristirahat, karena sel kulit dibentuk kembali saat Anda tidur. Tidur secara teratur selama 8 jam setiap malam adalah kebiasaan yang sangat baik.

Speed diet: Women using ADD drugs to get thin

On the patio of the Sunset Tower Hotel overlooking the Hollywood Hills, on the kind of sun-blinded afternoon Raymond Chandler made famous, Amanda F.* and I are eating. Well, one of us is eating. And it's not Amanda. "I took my Adderall about an hour before I got here," says the television producer as she picks at her crab salad. "If I hadn't taken it, I would have inhaled the table."

Amanda has been diagnosed with adult Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD or ADHD), for which Adderall, an amphetamine that paradoxically allows ADD patients to slow down and concentrate, is an accepted treatment. But for her there's a notable and seductive side effect: For a body that has fluctuated between a size 14 and a size 2, Adderall — along with yoga and chain-smoking — has helped her maintain a size 6.

"I can see you have a healthy attitude toward food," Amanda says, stopping me as my fork hovers midway between plate and mouth. My pants feel curiously tight. "But let me ask you this: If you could take a drug that has almost no noticeable side effects and lose all the weight you want, wouldn't you do it? That's what Adderall's like for me. And for a lot of women. It's a godsend."

And apparently God, or at least the local pharmacy, is sending it out to the weight-obsessed in the entertainment industry, where the difference between a size 4 and a size 8 may mean a difference between working and not.

"When a high-profile celeb suddenly drops a lot of weight, the rumors start that she's on A," notes Kym Douglas, who co-wrote “The Black Book of Hollywood Diet Secrets" (Plume). "It isn't a secret among people like the top stylists and makeup artists who work with celebrities." Indeed, several wispy young starlets have been rumored to have prescriptions for the drug.

Abusing Adderall
Since 2002, the number of prescriptions for all amphetamine-based drugs used to treat ADD — including Concerta and Strattera — have skyrocketed. Sales for Adderall XR (extended release) have more than doubled in the past five years, from 4.2 million in 2002 to 9.5 million in 2007, according to IMS Health, a health-care information company. And online, Adderall ranks right up there with Viagra in most-hawked pharmaceuticals on the Internet; indeed, type in the words "Adderall abuse" and you're likely to be directed to a site that sells the stuff.

Just why Adderall helps people with ADD is a little unclear. But scientists believe that sufferers have some imbalance of three chemicals in the brain dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin — and that Adderall helps by inhibiting the reuptake of these chemicals so they remain in the synapses longer, says Paul Thompson, professor of neurology and director of a neuroimaging lab at UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine. For the most part, Adderall is used exactly the way it is prescribed — to increase concentration among those with ADD. But there is a tempting yet dangerous side effect to all stimulants: They stimulate the dopamine — or pleasure — center of the brain, which causes a feeling of euphoria and a loss of appetite. So it's no great surprise that the young and beautiful, many of whom have grown up bumming their friends' Adderall to increase their mental edge at exam time, do not necessarily want to give it up when studying is no longer the issue.

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